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The highly dispersed nature of Panzaleo pottery throughout present-day Ecuador has led archaeologists to speculate about the pottery's origins and significance. Jijon y Caamano attributed the pottery's distribution to trade, and based on the large quantities of pottery recovered in the Ambato-Latacunga region of the central Ecuadorian highlands, he proposed that region as the probable locus of production. However. Porras suggests that inhabitants of the subtropical eastern Andean slopes, or montafta, were the original producers of Panzaleo.
Porras: theory involves the forced migration of the montaria population from their homeland in the Quijos River valley into the Ecuadorian highlands. The gradual exodus and ensuing dispersal of the makers of this ware could account for the diffuse distribution of the materials.
The passage cites evidence supporting which of the following hypotheses?

• A. Porrasr hypothesis about who the original producers of Panzaleo pottery were
• B. Jijon y Caamanos hypothesis about the probable locus of Panzaleo pottery production
• C. Jijon y Caamaflos hypothesis about the relationship between trade and the distribution of Panzaleo pottery
• D. Porras' hypothesis about the forced migration of certain peoples
• E. Porras' hypothesis about the dispersal of the original makers of Panzaleo porter)"

Discussions of the collapse of the lowland Maya are not new. However, it might be better to say that Maya civilization as a whole did not collapse, although many zones did experience profound change. Because societies are not bounded, unitary entities. collapses are rarely total, and continuity is a normal part of collapse.
At the end of the Classic period [200-900 C.E.]. the institution of divine kingship and many of the well-known markers of elite culture such as caned slelae [slabs erected for funerals or commemorative purposes] and hieroglyphic polychromes [multicolored artistic pottery] ended, but Maya civilization continued in modified form with many important features intact (e.g.. literacy, war. art. the production of fine ceramics). In some cases large buildings were constructed in the Postclassic period [900-1512 C.E.], but the transition to the Early Postclassic [900-1200 CXj era is distinctive for a decrease in elite goods and contexts. The variability in artifact changes during the Terminal Classic [800-900 C.E.] and into the Postclassic. even within artifact classes (e.g., fine versus unslipped ceramics), suggests weaker centralized control than during the Classic period. Site abandonments in the Terminal Classic indicate the collapse of the functional ability of Maya states, but sites that survived show that Maya civilization continued albeit without divine kingship and much of the spectacle around it.
The author would most likely characterize the claim that Maya civilization collapsed as

• A. truislic
• B. delusional
• C. equivocal
• D. overstated
• E. mendacious

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

• A. Option E
• B. Option A
• C. Option C
• D. Option D
• E. Option B

The table above summarizes customer satisfaction ratings for two banks, where each rating is an integer from
1 to 10. Which of the following statements are true?
Indicate all such statements.

• A. For Bank II. if a rating is within 0.4 standard deviation of the mean rating, then the rating is 6.
• B. For Bank I. if a rating is within 0.5 standard deviation of the mean rating, then the rating is 7.
• C. The sum of all the ratings for Bank I is less than the sum of all the ratings for Bank II.

Even the most complex models used in fishery management are cartoons of reality. They reduce hundreds of links in food webs to a handful and inadequately represent processes operating over space. Many of their assumptions are as flawed today as those of the simplest models of the past. Fish stocks, for one. are still assumed to be populations of a species that are isolated from one another. Yet many populations mix at their edges and some even migrate through areas occupied by other populations. Furthermore, the more complex models suffer from a "crisis of complexity"-more is really less. Adding layers of detail, each carrying its own set of assumptions, produces instability. The model's behavior becomes erratic, and conclusions drawn from it can be downright misleading.
In the context of the passage, the highlighted portion serves to

• A. demonstrate an oversimplification
• B. anticipate an objection
• C. confirm a prediction
• D. question a finding
• E. recommend a reformulation